Original Major Arcana And Tarot Card Readings

By Christopher Hill


While tarot cards first appeared in Italy in the mid-1400s, it is often believed that decks existed in ancient Egypt even earlier. In either case, the Italian decks which first appeared were 22 cards known as the Visconti Trumps, what is now called the Major Arcana. For, tarot card readings today are often performed with decks which feature the Major Arcana and four suits of cards known as the Minor Arcana.

Rumors have suggested that the Italian cards with all the beauty and symbolism were created with royalty in mind. Whereas, it was not until much later that the cards became popular and associated with psychic readings and divination. Once the cards were more accepted and used for divination, readings and personal insight became associated with entertainment as much as the occult.

Eventually, the Trumps became the standard playing cards among the Nobles. Before this time, those whom played the Trump cards in various games often had to decide whether to hold, discard or substitute other cards. Most nobles of the time saw the Tower, Devil and Death cards as being offensive, thus these cards were often discarded. For, it was believed that the souls of those playing such cards would be won by the Devil.

It was not so much the meaning tied to the cards but the images which caused religious leaders of the time to attempt to banish the Trump cards. In fact, the first specific reference to these cards was in a sermon. The sermon provided by an Italian Franciscan Friar some time in the mid-1400s contended that the Tower, Death and Devil cards were invented and named by the devil, with the latter being a namesake.

Even when only using the cards in game play, the Friar suggested that the devil was merely using the cards in an attempt to steal the souls of those whom played such games. As such, while the sermon condemned the use of the cards whether being used for games or other purposes, religious leaders failed to banish the cards which have since become popular with psychics and spiritualists around the globe.

Tarot readings and the use of decks for divination was in large part brought about by Antoine Court de Gebelin in the late 1700s. For, de Gebelin believed the cards to be of Egyptian origin while containing knowledge of Egyptian mystical lore. In addition, Antoine believed that the imagery was intentionally included and placed on specific cards in association with this lore and wisdom. For, unlike the Friar, Antoine saw no connection between tarot and Satan.

De Gebelin, at least in theory believed the cards were keys to the lost knowledge and wisdom of the Egyptians. It was much later when the Major Arcana began to evolve into decks revised and distributed by a number of secret societies that hopes of revealing this knowledge came to pass. Most likely, this led to modern decks which come with guidebooks which define the artwork and provide the meaning of each and every card.

Originally regular playing cards were often used in place of the Trumps or full decks. In fact, the symbolism in most modern decks is actually based on the face and suit cards of regular decks. As such, regardless of whether playing with a regular deck or one authored by an artist or writer, the meaning behind the different suits are often the same, if not similar in nature.




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